Knee Arthroscopy

Knee arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to assess and treat a range of knee conditions and injuries. It involves the use of a small camera, known as an arthroscope, which is inserted into the knee joint through small incisions.

Arthroscopy allows the inside of the knee to be visualised in detail and may be used to diagnose or treat conditions involving cartilage, meniscus tissue, ligaments, inflammation, or loose fragments within the joint.

Dr Alex Nicholls performs knee arthroscopy procedures for a range of sports knee injuries and knee conditions in both adults and younger patients.

What Is Knee Arthroscopy?

Knee arthroscopy is a surgical technique that uses:

• Small incisions

• A miniature camera

• Fine surgical instruments

to access the knee joint.

The camera projects images onto a screen, allowing the surgeon to examine structures within the knee and perform treatment where appropriate.

Because arthroscopy uses smaller incisions than traditional open surgery, it is commonly referred to as “keyhole surgery.”

Conditions Commonly Treated with Knee Arthroscopy

Knee arthroscopy may be used in the management of:

• Meniscal tears

• Cartilage injuries

• ACL injuries

• Loose bodies within the knee

• Synovitis and inflammation

• Patellar instability

• Some sports-related knee injuries

Not all knee conditions require arthroscopy, and suitability depends on the individual diagnosis and symptoms.

Meniscal Tears

The meniscus is a cartilage structure within the knee that helps with shock absorption and joint stability.

Meniscal tears may occur following:

• Twisting injuries

• Sporting activity

• Degenerative changes

Symptoms can include:

• Pain

• Swelling

• Locking or catching sensations

• Difficulty fully straightening the knee

Arthroscopy may be used to:

• Repair the meniscus

• Remove unstable torn fragments

• Assess associated injuries

Cartilage Injuries

Cartilage damage may occur following injury, instability, or wear within the joint.

Symptoms may include:

• Pain

• Swelling

• Clicking or catching

• Reduced movement

Arthroscopy allows cartilage surfaces to be assessed directly and may assist in managing selected cartilage injuries.

ACL Injuries and Arthroscopy

ACL reconstruction surgery is commonly performed arthroscopically.

Arthroscopy allows:

• Visualisation of the knee joint

• Assessment of associated meniscal or cartilage injuries

• Reconstruction of the ACL using minimally invasive techniques

Dr Alex Nicholls maintains a particular interest in ACL injuries, paediatric ACL reconstruction, and sports knee surgery.

What Happens During Knee Arthroscopy?

During the procedure:

• Small incisions are made around the knee

• The arthroscope is inserted into the joint

• Sterile fluid is used to improve visibility

• Surgical instruments may be used to treat the underlying condition

The specifics of the surgery depend on the condition being treated.

Recovery After Knee Arthroscopy

Recovery after arthroscopy depends on:

• The procedure performed

• The extent of injury

• Rehabilitation requirements

• Overall knee condition

Some patients recover relatively quickly after simple procedures, while more complex procedures may involve longer rehabilitation.

Early Recovery

Initial recovery may focus on:

• Swelling management

• Regaining knee movement

• Walking

• Pain control

Some patients may use crutches temporarily depending on the procedure.

Rehabilitation

Physiotherapy may be recommended to assist with:

• Strength rebuilding

• Movement quality

• Stability

• Return to activity

Recovery progression is guided by symptoms, healing, and overall knee function.

Return to Sport and Activity

Return to sport or activity depends on:

• The type of injury

• The procedure performed

• Rehabilitation progress

• Knee stability and strength

Minor arthroscopic procedures may allow earlier return to activity compared with more complex ligament or cartilage procedures.

Is Knee Arthroscopy Always Required?

No.

Many knee conditions can initially be managed without surgery through:

• Physiotherapy

• Strengthening programs

• Activity modification

• Injection therapy

• Rehabilitation

Arthroscopy is considered when symptoms persist, mechanical symptoms occur, or structural injuries require surgical management.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is knee arthroscopy used for?

Knee arthroscopy is used to assess and treat a range of knee conditions including meniscal tears, cartilage injuries, ACL injuries, and loose bodies within the knee.

Is knee arthroscopy minimally invasive?

Yes. Arthroscopy uses small incisions and specialised instruments to access the knee joint.

How long does recovery take after knee arthroscopy?

Recovery varies depending on the procedure performed and the individual patient.

Will I need physiotherapy after arthroscopy?

Physiotherapy is commonly recommended following knee arthroscopy to assist with recovery and rehabilitation.

Can I walk after knee arthroscopy?

Many patients are able to walk shortly after surgery, although this depends on the procedure performed.

Does every meniscal tear require surgery?

No. Some meniscal injuries can be managed without surgery depending on symptoms, tear pattern, and activity level.

Evidence-Based Knee Care

Dr Alex Nicholls maintains an active involvement in orthopaedic research and education relating to sports knee injuries, ACL reconstruction, paediatric knee surgery, and knee arthroscopy procedures.

Treatment recommendations are tailored to the individual patient’s condition, symptoms, imaging findings, and activity goals.